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【记录】尝试用QEMU模拟ARM开发板去加载并运行Uboot,kernel,rootfs

QEMU crifan 7509浏览 0评论

【背景】

手上有一个嵌入式Linux的项目。

已经用交叉编译器arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi去编译了Uboot和kernel:

【记录】Ubuntu下用arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi交叉编译uboot

【记录】Ubuntu下用arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi交叉编译linux-2.6.19.1内核

且已经有了对应的rootfs了,所以算是基本齐全了。

后来得知有个QEMU,和SkyEye类似,可以模拟arm开发板。

所以,尝试去试试,能否在Ubuntu下,用QEMU去模拟加载并运行Uboot,kernel,rootfs。

【折腾过程】

1.再去看看关于QEMU的介绍资料:

QEMU (简体中文)

QEMU Main Page

2.其下载页面:

http://wiki.qemu.org/Download

下载QEMU:

http://wiki.qemu-project.org/download/qemu-1.6.0-rc3.tar.bz2

解压得到源码:

crifan@ubuntu:qemu-1.6.0-rc3$ tar xvfj qemu-1.6.0-rc3.tar.bz2

crifan@ubuntu:qemu-1.6.0-rc3$ ls
aio-posix.c              cputlb.c          linux-headers     qdict-test-data.txt     qmp-commands.hx    target-sparc
aio-win32.c              default-configs   linux-user        qemu-bridge-helper.c    qobject            target-unicore32
arch_init.c              device-hotplug.c  main-loop.c       qemu-char.c             qom                target-xtensa
async.c                  device_tree.c     MAINTAINERS       qemu-coroutine.c        qtest.c            tcg
audio                    disas             Makefile          qemu-coroutine-io.c     readline.c         tcg-runtime.c
backends                 disas.c           Makefile.objs     qemu-coroutine-lock.c   README             tci.c
balloon.c                dma-helpers.c     Makefile.target   qemu-coroutine-sleep.c  roms               tests
block                    docs              memory.c          qemu-doc.texi           rules.mak          thread-pool.c
block.c                  dtc               memory_mapping.c  qemu-img.c              savevm.c           thunk.c
blockdev.c               dump.c            migration.c       qemu-img-cmds.hx        scripts            tpm.c
blockdev-nbd.c           exec.c            migration-exec.c  qemu-img.texi           slirp              trace
blockjob.c               fpu               migration-fd.c    qemu-io.c               spice-qemu-char.c  trace-events
block-migration.c        fsdev             migration-rdma.c  qemu-io-cmds.c          stubs              translate-all.c
bsd-user                 gdbstub.c         migration-tcp.c   qemu-log.c              sysconfigs         translate-all.h
bt-host.c                gdb-xml           migration-unix.c  qemu-nbd.c              target-alpha       ui
bt-vhci.c                HACKING           monitor.c         qemu-nbd.texi           target-arm         user-exec.c
Changelog                hmp.c             nbd.c             qemu.nsi                target-cris        util
CODING_STYLE             hmp-commands.hx   net               qemu-options.h          target-i386        VERSION
configure                hmp.h             os-posix.c        qemu-options.hx         target-lm32        version.rc
COPYING                  hw                os-win32.c        qemu-options-wrapper.h  target-m68k        vl.c
COPYING.LIB              include           page_cache.c      qemu.sasl               target-microblaze  xbzrle.c
coroutine-gthread.c      iohandler.c       pc-bios           qemu-seccomp.c          target-mips        xen-all.c
coroutine-sigaltstack.c  ioport.c          pixman            qemu-tech.texi          target-moxie       xen-mapcache.c
coroutine-ucontext.c     kvm-all.c         po                qemu-timer.c            target-openrisc    xen-stub.c
coroutine-win32.c        kvm-stub.c        qapi              qga                     target-ppc
cpu-exec.c               libcacard         qapi-schema.json  QMP                     target-s390x
cpus.c                   LICENSE           qdev-monitor.c    qmp.c                   target-sh4
crifan@ubuntu:qemu-1.6.0-rc3$ pwd
/home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/qemu-1.6.0-rc3

3.参考官网的文档:

http://wiki.qemu.org/Manual

中的:

Virtual Development Board

Debian on an emulated ARM machine

QEMU Emulator User Documentation

去折腾。

4.先去在Ubuntu的Host上为arm平台安装QEMU:

【记录】在Ubuntu 13.04上为arm平台安装QEMU

5.然后再去下载测试软件:

http://wiki.qemu.org/download/arm-test-0.2.tar.gz

然后解压:

crifan@ubuntu:qemu-1.6.0-rc3$ pwd
/home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/qemu-1.6.0-rc3
crifan@ubuntu:qemu-1.6.0-rc3$ cd ..
crifan@ubuntu:qemu$ ls
qemu-1.6.0-rc3  qemu-1.6.0-rc3.tar.bz2
crifan@ubuntu:qemu$ mkdir test
crifan@ubuntu:qemu$ cd test
crifan@ubuntu:test$ mkdir arm
crifan@ubuntu:test$ cd arm
crifan@ubuntu:arm$ wget http://wiki.qemu.org/download/arm-test-0.2.tar.gz
--2013-08-15 03:02:29--  http://wiki.qemu.org/download/arm-test-0.2.tar.gz
Resolving wiki.qemu.org (wiki.qemu.org)... 140.211.15.109
Connecting to wiki.qemu.org (wiki.qemu.org)|140.211.15.109|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3310162 (3.2M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘arm-test-0.2.tar.gz’

100%[=======================================================================================================>] 3,310,162    978KB/s   in 3.4s   

2013-08-15 03:02:35 (938 KB/s) - ‘arm-test-0.2.tar.gz’ saved [3310162/3310162]

crifan@ubuntu:arm$ ls
arm-test-0.2.tar.gz
crifan@ubuntu:arm$ tar xf arm-test-0.2.tar.gz 
crifan@ubuntu:arm$ ls
arm-test  arm-test-0.2.tar.gz
crifan@ubuntu:arm$ cd arm-test/
crifan@ubuntu:arm-test$ ls
arm_root.img  README  zImage.integrator
crifan@ubuntu:arm-test$ pwd
/home/crifan/develop/embedded/qemu/test/arm/arm-test
crifan@ubuntu:arm-test$ 

6.再去测试,结果只输出一行VNC:

【已解决】QUEMU安装完毕后测试arm出错:只有一行VNC server running on `127.0.0.1:5900′没其他输出

解决后,可以看到QEMU的arm的linux界面了:

7.再去测试测试arm的hello world是否可用。

先写个hello_qemu.c:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	printf("Hello QEMU for ARM !\n");
	return 0;
}

再去用自己的交叉编译器arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi去编译:

crifan@ubuntu:helloworld$ arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o hello_qemu hello_qemu.c 
crifan@ubuntu:helloworld$ file hello_qemu
hello_qemu: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.19, not stripped
crifan@ubuntu:helloworld$ 

然后去运行试试:

先去找到sysroot的路径,是参考之前的折腾:

【已解决】Eclipse通过Makefile调用交叉编译器交叉编译C项目出错:Type ‘FILE’ could not be resolved

的路径:

/opt/crosscompile/xscale/gcc-4.6.0-glibc-2.9/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include

所以sysroot,应该是:

/opt/crosscompile/xscale/gcc-4.6.0-glibc-2.9/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot

所以去试试:

crifan@ubuntu:helloworld$ qemu-arm -L /opt/crosscompile/xscale/gcc-4.6.0-glibc-2.9/arm-xscale-linux-gnueabi/sysroot hello_qemu
Hello QEMU for ARM !
crifan@ubuntu:helloworld$ 

说明交叉工具链是正常的。

8.再去折腾uboot:

【记录】Ubuntu下测试QEMU中加载和测试Uboot

9.然后再去下载编译kernel:

【记录】Ubuntu下测试QEMU中加载和测试Linux内核

10.然后再去弄Open TFTP Server:

【记录】Ubuntu下为QEMU安装Open TFTP Server

11.然后再去折腾qemu-ifup & qemu-ifdown:

【记录】Ubuntu下为QEMU准备qemu-ifup和qemu-ifdown

12.都准备好了,就可以去启动内核了:

【记录】Ubuntu下使用QEMU启动Linux内核

13.折腾完毕内核,就可以去弄rootfs了:

【记录】Ubuntu下为QEMU建立一个arm平台的可用的根文件系统rootfs

 

【总结】

此处,已经可以正常运行,一个基于busybox的,从ram启动的rootfs了。

至此,算是基本可用了。

有空再折腾,如何从uboot启动内核,从nfs加载rootfs等等内容。

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