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【已解决】MongoDB中用导出本地数据再用导入到在线数据库

MongoDB crifan 6008浏览 0评论

折腾:

【记录】将本地合并后的MongoDB的main数据导入在线生产服务器中

期间,然后可以去本地导出数据库了:

不过参考之前的:

【已解决】同步导出在线Mongo中某个集合(表)到本地

【已解决】mongoimport/mongoexport和mongodump/mongorestore的区别

感觉导入到在线服务器中,其实可以不用上传文件到服务器中后本地导入

直接可以用:mongoimport 加上-h和–port后去导入即可打算:

  • 先用mongoexport:导出本地数据

  • 再用mongoimport:导入(上面导出的本地的数据)到在线服务器中

mongodb mongoimport

mongoimport — MongoDB Manual

Import Data into MongoDB

mongoimport – How to bypass the character while import in MongoDB? – Stack Overflow

mongodb – Mongoimport of json file – Stack Overflow

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ mongoexport -d storybook -o local_storybook.json

2018-10-26T17:23:17.413+0800    error validating settings: must specify a collection

2018-10-26T17:23:17.414+0800    try ‘mongoexport –help’ for more information

好像不能一次性导出db的所有collection?

mongoexport error validating settings: must specify a collection

json – mongodb-error validating settings: only one positional argument is allowed – Stack Overflow

mongoimport – MongoDB – validating settings error – Stack Overflow

Could not export whole database using MongoDB in Ubuntu – Stack Overflow

好像用mongodump是可以实现的 批量导出某个db的所有的collection的?

mongoexport — MongoDB Manual

官网解释是:

“Avoid using mongoimport and mongoexport for full instance production backups. They do not reliably preserve all rich BSON data types, because JSON can only represent a subset of the types supported by BSON. Use mongodump and mongorestore as described in MongoDB Backup Methods for this kind of functionality.”

生产环境中,备份和恢复时,由于mongoimport/mongoexport导出的只是JSON,而MongoDB本身内部的数据是用BSON保存的,而BSON是JSON的超集,JSON是BSON的子集,JSON无法完全覆盖和表达BSON数据 -》为了防止可能的特殊的类型的数据的丢失,所以要:

生产环境的数据的备份和恢复,要避免用(只支持JSON的)mongoimport/mongoexport

-》所以此处还是去换用:mongodump/mongorestore

mongodump export whole database

How to export all collection in MongoDB? – Stack Overflow

How do I dump an entire MongoDB database as text/json? – Stack Overflow

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ mongodump –help

Usage:

  mongodump <options>

Export the content of a running server into .bson files.

Specify a database with -d and a collection with -c to only dump that database or collection.

See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongodump/ for more information.

general options:

      –help                                                print usage

      –version                                             print the tool version and exit

verbosity options:

  -v, –verbose=<level>                                     more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a

                                                            numeric value, e.g. –verbose=N)

      –quiet                                               hide all log output

connection options:

  -h, –host=<hostname>                                     mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)

      –port=<port>                                         server port (can also use –host hostname:port)

ssl options:

      –ssl                                                 connect to a mongod or mongos that has ssl enabled

      –sslCAFile=<filename>                                the .pem file containing the root certificate chain from the certificate authority

      –sslPEMKeyFile=<filename>                            the .pem file containing the certificate and key

      –sslPEMKeyPassword=<password>                        the password to decrypt the sslPEMKeyFile, if necessary

      –sslCRLFile=<filename>                               the .pem file containing the certificate revocation list

      –sslAllowInvalidCertificates                         bypass the validation for server certificates

      –sslAllowInvalidHostnames                            bypass the validation for server name

      –sslFIPSMode                                         use FIPS mode of the installed openssl library

authentication options:

  -u, –username=<username>                                 username for authentication

  -p, –password=<password>                                 password for authentication

      –authenticationDatabase=<database-name>              database that holds the user’s credentials

      –authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>                 authentication mechanism to use

namespace options:

  -d, –db=<database-name>                                  database to use

  -c, –collection=<collection-name>                        collection to use

uri options:

      –uri=mongodb-uri                                     mongodb uri connection string

query options:

  -q, –query=                                              query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., ‘{x:{$gt:1}}’

      –queryFile=                                          path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)

      –readPreference=<string>|<json>                      specify either a preference name or a preference json object

      –forceTableScan                                      force a table scan

output options:

  -o, –out=<directory-path>                                output directory, or ‘-‘ for stdout (defaults to ‘dump’)

      –gzip                                                compress archive our collection output with Gzip

      –repair                                              try to recover documents from damaged data files (not supported by all storage engines)

      –oplog                                               use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot

      –archive=<file-path>                                 dump as an archive to the specified path. If flag is specified without a value, archive is written to

                                                            stdout

      –dumpDbUsersAndRoles                                 dump user and role definitions for the specified database

      –excludeCollection=<collection-name>                 collection to exclude from the dump (may be specified multiple times to exclude additional

                                                            collections)

      –excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=<collection-prefix>    exclude all collections from the dump that have the given prefix (may be specified multiple times to

                                                            exclude additional prefixes)

  -j, –numParallelCollections=                             number of collections to dump in parallel (4 by default) (default: 4)

      –viewsAsCollections                                  dump views as normal collections with their produced data, omitting standard collections

注意到

  -o, –out=<directory-path>

是路径,所以去:

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ mongodump -d storybook -o .

2018-10-26T17:32:52.169+0800    writing storybook.scholastic to

2018-10-26T17:32:52.170+0800    writing storybook.main to

2018-10-26T17:32:53.356+0800    done dumping storybook.main (51785 documents)

2018-10-26T17:32:53.409+0800    done dumping storybook.scholastic (51785 documents)

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ ls -lha ./storybook

total 251792

drwxr-xr-x  6 crifan  staff   192B 10 26 17:32 .

drwxr-xr-x  3 crifan  staff    96B 10 26 17:32 ..

-rw-r–r–  1 crifan  staff    60M 10 26 17:32 main.bson

-rw-r–r–  1 crifan  staff   128B 10 26 17:32 main.metadata.json

-rw-r–r–  1 crifan  staff    62M 10 26 17:32 scholastic.bson

-rw-r–r–  1 crifan  staff   134B 10 26 17:32 scholastic.metadata.json

所以就导出所有的数据了,保存为bson格式的。

然后再去想办法导入到在线数据库

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ mongorestore –help

Usage:

  mongorestore <options> <directory or file to restore>

Restore backups generated with mongodump to a running server.

Specify a database with -d to restore a single database from the target directory,

or use -d and -c to restore a single collection from a single .bson file.

See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/ for more information.

general options:

      –help                                                print usage

      –version                                             print the tool version and exit

verbosity options:

  -v, –verbose=<level>                                     more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a

                                                            numeric value, e.g. –verbose=N)

      –quiet                                               hide all log output

connection options:

  -h, –host=<hostname>                                     mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)

      –port=<port>                                         server port (can also use –host hostname:port)

ssl options:

      –ssl                                                 connect to a mongod or mongos that has ssl enabled

      –sslCAFile=<filename>                                the .pem file containing the root certificate chain from the certificate authority

      –sslPEMKeyFile=<filename>                            the .pem file containing the certificate and key

      –sslPEMKeyPassword=<password>                        the password to decrypt the sslPEMKeyFile, if necessary

      –sslCRLFile=<filename>                               the .pem file containing the certificate revocation list

      –sslAllowInvalidCertificates                         bypass the validation for server certificates

      –sslAllowInvalidHostnames                            bypass the validation for server name

      –sslFIPSMode                                         use FIPS mode of the installed openssl library

authentication options:

  -u, –username=<username>                                 username for authentication

  -p, –password=<password>                                 password for authentication

      –authenticationDatabase=<database-name>              database that holds the user’s credentials

      –authenticationMechanism=<mechanism>                 authentication mechanism to use

uri options:

      –uri=mongodb-uri                                     mongodb uri connection string

namespace options:

  -d, –db=<database-name>                                  database to use when restoring from a BSON file

  -c, –collection=<collection-name>                        collection to use when restoring from a BSON file

      –excludeCollection=<collection-name>                 DEPRECATED; collection to skip over during restore (may be specified multiple times to exclude

                                                            additional collections)

      –excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=<collection-prefix>    DEPRECATED; collections to skip over during restore that have the given prefix (may be specified

                                                            multiple times to exclude additional prefixes)

      –nsExclude=<namespace-pattern>                       exclude matching namespaces

      –nsInclude=<namespace-pattern>                       include matching namespaces

      –nsFrom=<namespace-pattern>                          rename matching namespaces, must have matching nsTo

      –nsTo=<namespace-pattern>                            rename matched namespaces, must have matching nsFrom

input options:

      –objcheck                                            validate all objects before inserting

      –oplogReplay                                         replay oplog for point-in-time restore

      –oplogLimit=<seconds>[:ordinal]                      only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp

      –oplogFile=<filename>                                oplog file to use for replay of oplog

      –archive=<filename>                                  restore dump from the specified archive file.  If flag is specified without a value, archive is read

                                                            from stdin

      –restoreDbUsersAndRoles                              restore user and role definitions for the given database

      –dir=<directory-name>                                input directory, use ‘-‘ for stdin

      –gzip                                                decompress gzipped input

restore options:

      –drop                                                drop each collection before import

      –dryRun                                              view summary without importing anything. recommended with verbosity

      –writeConcern=<write-concern>                        write concern options e.g. –writeConcern majority, –writeConcern ‘{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync:

                                                            true, j: true}’

      –noIndexRestore                                      don’t restore indexes

      –noOptionsRestore                                    don’t restore collection options

      –keepIndexVersion                                    don’t update index version

      –maintainInsertionOrder                              preserve order of documents during restoration

  -j, –numParallelCollections=                             number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default) (default: 4)

      –numInsertionWorkersPerCollection=                   number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default) (default: 1)

      –stopOnError                                         stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off by default)

      –bypassDocumentValidation                            bypass document validation

再去运行:

mongorestore -h HOST –port PORT -u uusseerr -p PPWWDD –authenticationDatabase storybook -d storybook ./storybook

是可以的:

➜  local_export git:(master) ✗ mongorestore -h HOST –port PORT -u uusseerr -p PPWWDD –authenticationDatabase storybook -d storybook ./storybook

2018-10-26T17:37:58.933+0800    the –db and –collection args should only be used when restoring from a BSON file. Other uses are deprecated and will not exist in the future; use –nsInclude instead

2018-10-26T17:37:58.934+0800    building a list of collections to restore from storybook dir

2018-10-26T17:37:58.964+0800    reading metadata for storybook.scholastic from storybook/scholastic.metadata.json

2018-10-26T17:37:58.964+0800    reading metadata for storybook.main from storybook/main.metadata.json

2018-10-26T17:37:58.965+0800    restoring storybook.main from storybook/main.bson

2018-10-26T17:37:59.004+0800    restoring storybook.scholastic from storybook/scholastic.bson

2018-10-26T17:38:01.809+0800    [……………………]        storybook.main  2.43MB/59.6MB  (4.1%)

2018-10-26T17:38:01.809+0800    [……………………]  storybook.scholastic  1.25MB/61.7MB  (2.0%)

2018-10-26T17:39:49.812+0800    [#####################…]        storybook.main  53.7MB/59.6MB  (90.2%)

2018-10-26T17:39:49.812+0800    [#######################.]  storybook.scholastic  60.7MB/61.7MB  (98.4%)

2018-10-26T17:39:49.812+0800

2018-10-26T17:39:52.120+0800    [########################]  storybook.scholastic  61.7MB/61.7MB  (100.0%)

2018-10-26T17:39:52.120+0800    no indexes to restore

2018-10-26T17:39:52.120+0800    finished restoring storybook.scholastic (51785 documents)

2018-10-26T17:39:52.809+0800    [######################..]  storybook.main  55.0MB/59.6MB  (92.4%)

2018-10-26T17:39:55.809+0800    [#######################.]  storybook.main  57.4MB/59.6MB  (96.4%)

2018-10-26T17:39:58.778+0800    [########################]  storybook.main  59.6MB/59.6MB  (100.0%)

2018-10-26T17:39:58.778+0800    no indexes to restore

2018-10-26T17:39:58.778+0800    finished restoring storybook.main (51785 documents)

2018-10-26T17:39:58.778+0800    done

然后再去用GUI工具,比如MongoDB Compass去看看数据

就可以了。

【总结】

此处,对于:

  • 要支持导出单个db的所有的collection

  • 且支持MongoDB内部的更完整的数据类型:BSON

所有推荐用:mongodump/mongorestore

(而不是用:mongoimport/mongoexport)

具体操作办法是:

1.本地备份导出

在某个文件夹中:

mongodump -d db_name -o .

即可导出:

  • db_name

    • collection1.bson

    • collection1.metadata.json

    • collection2.bson

    • collection2.metadata.json

比如:

  • storybook

    • scholastic.bson

    • scholastic.metadata.json

    • main.bson

    • main.metadata.json

2.恢复导入到在线

mongorestore -h HOST –port PORT -u yourUserName -p yourPwd –authenticationDatabase yourAuthDb -d db_name ./db_name

比如:

mongorestore -h HOST –port PORT -u storybook -p PPWWDD –authenticationDatabase storybook -d storybook ./storybook

即可导入到在线的MongoDB数据库中了。

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